Extended Disk Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Extended Disk Leadership - Essay Example Many people usually think that a leader should be a person who can be feared by his or her subjects so that they can not dare to go against the wishes or instructions given. I have just realized that this is a very wrong notion, as a leader who is feared is a threat to the organization as it is possible that the subjects will not be free to share ideas with him or her. Considering the fact that I am social, I believe that this can motivate my subjects as they would be free to tell me anything that they feel is important that I should know, as I will have created a conducive environment for their operations, which consequently motivates them to perform better. One thing that I do not always like is making all the decisions of most of the decisions in whichever group that I am part of. This is a characteristic that a good leader should possess as no one is always one hundred percent right. All the stakeholders should always be involved, as some of the workers who are normally overlooke d or even considered as lesser beings always have some good and constructive ideas that can help in the growth of an organization to a large extent. When the employees are involved in the decision-making process, they are made to feel as if they are part of the organization, which even motivates them further (Extended Disk Leadership Analysis, 2011). Therefore, this Extended Disc analysis has been of great importance to me since it has enabled me to see the qualities of a good leader that I did not know.

Sandra Cisneros The House on Mango Street Essay Example for Free

Sandra Cisneros The House on Mango Street Essay In the short story The House on Mango Street Sandra Cisneros unfolds her childhood memories where she and her family struggled with poor living conditions on the way to their own house, and she seems to suffer from it more than anyone of the family. When one day they finally get the house of their own and her family seems to be ready to settle with it, she continues suffering because its not the house wed thought wed get (501), the one she imagined and built up in her dreams. At that point Cisneros obtains her dream to be fulfilled: she decides that whatever happens, she must have the house of her dream. This difference between her dream and reality is quite obvious and seems to upset her a lot; however, the impact of it is tremendous because it caused her to obtain the energy necessary for a dreams fulfillment. During the narration, Cisneros specifies the features of the house of her dream. It has to be not just her own place to live, but also a place that she could be proud of. She describes her dream house as one I could point to; inside it would have real stairs, not a hallway stairs, but stairs inside like the houses on TV (501); it would be white with trees around it, a great big yard and grass growing without a fence. Even though these features are not necessities for living, the authors own dream becomes her necessity to be fulfilled. However, while living with her parents she understands that here her dream is not going to come true. The authors present house contrasts with the house of her dream: Its small and red with tight steps in front and windows so small youd think they are holding their breath. Bricks are crumbling in places and the front door is so swollen you have to push hard to get in.(Cisneros 502). And this evokes a feeling of shame for her house, which is familiar to her since the last place they lived at. This huge inequality between the authors dream and reality, just like a difference in potential generates a driving force, gives her energies to dream and to be sure that shell fulfill her wish. Sandra Cisneros experienced what not having her own place is like, moving all the time and being ashamed of her living conditions; that helped her to build a dream, to  know exactly what she wants from life, and gave a will to pursue her goal. She says, I knew then I had to have a house. A real house.(Cisneros 502). Our dreams are often formed by childhood experiences; once we collide with harsh reality, feel awkward or ashamed- we know for sure for ourselves: when I grow up, Ill do everything for this not to happen. And this gives us energy to achieve success. Works Cited: Cisneros, Sandra. The House on Mango Street. 40 Short Stories. Ed. Beverly Lawn. New York: Bedford, 2001

A Psychoanalytic Analysis of Pretty Woman Essay -- Movie Film Essays

A Psychoanalytic Analysis of Pretty Woman In the introduction to his book, The Sublime Object of Ideology, Slavoj Zizek acquaints readers with his book’s tripartite aim. He plans, among other things, to illustrate concepts fundamental to Lacanian psychoanalysis – an intention which will serve to further his more ambitious goal â€Å"to reactualize Hegelian dialectics by giving it a new reading† in the light of Lacanian psychoanalysis – and â€Å"to contribute to the theory of ideology via a new reading of some well-known classical motifs† (7). In this broad category of classical motifs associated with the theory of ideology, I have isolated both fetishism and the commodity-form and intend to briefly illustrate some of these concepts against the backdrop of the movie Pretty Woman -- a popular rags-to-riches romantic comedy from 1990. Looking through the prism of Lacan and Marx, Zizek brands us as â€Å"fetishists in practice, not in theory†; he posits that we â€Å"do not know† or we â€Å"misrecognize† the fact that in our â€Å"social reality itself, in [our] social activity – in the act of commodity exchange – [we] are guided by the fetishistic illusion† (31). Amidst this discussion on ideology, Zizek highlights one of the most significant differences between Marx and Lacan: In the predominant Marxist perspective the ideological gaze is a partial gaze overlooking the totality of social relations, whereas in the Lacanian perspective ideology rather designates a totality set on effacing the traces of its own impossibility. (49) This difference corresponds to the one that distinguishes the Marxian from the Freudian notion of fetishism: In the former, â€Å"a fetish conceals the positive network of social relations,† whereas in the latter â€Å"a fet... ...difficult to let go of something so beautiful.† The movie is jam-packed full of such desirable â€Å"somethings† -- potentially fetishized objects which characters use in an effort to compensate for a â€Å"lack† in their lives: cash, a silver Lotus, clothes from Rodeo Drive, a personal jet, the â€Å"kill† of a hostile takeover, or the company of a beautiful woman. In the movie's conclusion, Edward does go through with the jewelry-return; he does not leave behind the ruby-haired Vivian, though, and the audience receives their â€Å"happy ending† – perhaps a fetish in its own right. Works Cited: The Internet Movie Database Ltd. (An Amazon.com company.) http://us.imdb.com [Accessed 11 November 1998]. Pretty Woman. Dir. Garry Marshall. With Richard Gere and Julia Roberts. Touchstone, 1990. Zizek, Slavoj. The Sublime Object of Ideology. London: Verso, 1989.

Australian Wine Industry Report

————————————————- ————————————————- Global and International Business Contexts Australian Wine Industry Report Word court: 2690 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapters 1. Introduction 1. 1 Company background and brand concept 1. 2 Importance of Diversity and cultural different between European & Australia 1. 3 Develop a model and factors of buying behavior between European & Australia 2. Porter’s National Diamond model 2. 1 Factor Conditions 2. Home Demand Conditions 2. 3 Related and Supporting Industries 2. 4 Firm Strategy, Structure, and Rivalry 3. Strategic evaluation between European & Australia 3. 1. Measurable 3. 2. Accessible 3. 3. Substantial 3. 4. Actionable 4. SWOT analysis between European & Australia 4. 1. Product & packaging 4. 2. Price level 4. 3. Place (d istribution) 4. 4. Communication 4. 5. Opportunities and threats 4. 6 Economic conditions 4. 7 Political condition 4. 8 Socio-cultural conditions. 4. 9 Summary of survey Findings . Conclusion and financial recommendation 6. Reference 1. Introduction: After the discussion that related to managing globalization, diversity, globalization for business studies, the following can be the consolidation of my view that could be addressed. Globalization presents the free flow of technology and human resources across the world and national boundaries and spends of information technology, media as well as changing the world economic, training practices, competitive business environment. An increasing newcomers to the Australia workforce, globalization makes national culture strategic more complete, and need to be managed that came from populations that have been under-served in the past because of racial, ethnic, gender, or cultural differences. Social trends in Australia indicate that today's minority groups demand respect and equal treatment in mainstream institutions. I have indicated that business in the world organization, which can adjust their business strategies in our company for the changing demographic trend in Australia, should be successful firms in the future with increasing globalization. When firms in the world are seeking for the adjustable capability, as well as great globalization practice and training practice skills of HRM, they may look for the concept –managing diversity, culture, globalization, investment skills which is brought by Kandola and Fullerton (1998). In practicing managing diversity, spending aspects of HRM organizations strategic and investment are not using the traditional ones anymore. They should be cooperating with others such as sex, balancing of the global trends in human resource management, challenges arising from globalization, human resources management practice in the 21st century, to create organizational more effectiveness in wine industrialized. In our organization, it must manage and train this increasingly diverse workforce. HRM includes organization behavior activities are successful across cultures will depend on the manager’s abilities to understand the value on practice human resource management such as motivation, job satisfaction, the important of work. It also depends on working effectively with other people. They also learn by understanding and appreciating differences in values in different national borders. Individuals and globalization tend to develop cross-cultural communication skills and stronger leadership abilities in diverse situations. Thus, it is also promoted to achieve the organization goals. In general, l agree with Kandola (1995) summarize that similar demographic changes in Australia. Globalization requires attention to more than conducting business across national borders but also entails expending competition for almost every type of organization presenting management with the diverse cultural settings (Edwards, 2006) The change is related to the workforce such as sex, ethnic minorities, and age thinking global, decentralization, planned, differentiation, change, delegation, competition. Therefore, demographic and globalization trends have created to expand the labor power and increased international of markets. He points out that, all around the world‘s organizations will have to deal with managing diversity globalization not just in their countries. America’s workforce has highly concern over how cooperation can best manage their human resources such as motivation, training in increasing diversity environment. Therefore, this paper is direct toward what is the different between equal opportunities and managing Diversity, what is globalization’s consequence for industries, HRM in international’s values and organization behavior. Besides, it reflects that how it can link to change between European and australia. This paper not only direct toward how an organization can expand its international business opportunity and globalization, but also get the analysis how an company create new environment to richer solute their problem which with the advent of globalization between European and Australia. 1. 1 Company background and brand concept Chateau Lafite, On 8 August 1868, which was under public sale as part of the Ignace-Joseph Vanlerberghe succession Chateau Lafite Rothschild for the preceding period. Just 3 months after the purchase, Baron James passed away, and Lafite became the joint property of his three sons: Alphonse, Gustave and Edmond. The estate then included 74 hectares of vineyards Nowadays, the company believes that Australia is the important market target and wants to expend their market share. 1. 2 Importance of Diversity and cultural different between European and Australia While Chateau Lafite adds diversity and facing cultural different in their market when it want to expand to Australia, they will found the skills and potential of their products and employees. Managing diversity and cultural different is said to contribute to organizational success (Gardenswartz & Rowe, 1998). It is also contended that it enables the best talent to be retained clients (Ross & Schneider, 1992) and enables more creativity to giving our fresh clients (McNerney, 1994). In addition it is suggested that a managing diversity and cultural different approach ensures business survival through resilience and flexibility (Gardenswartz & Rowe, 1998), reducing costs and increasing profit (Kandola, 1995) and improving customer service and sales to fresh clients (Kandola, 1995). Some benefits models that are associated with a managing diversity and different cultural approach, such as increased morale of our customers, having a competitive edge are difficult to prove (Kandola & Fullerton, 1994). Moreover, the emphasis placed on the role of line managers, and the practicability of such responsibility has been questioned (McDougall, 1998). In addition, the potential disparity between espoused organizational rhetoric on managing diversity and different cultural and the reality of organizational practices in key marketing segmentations areas (McKay & Maxwell, 1998) has been highlighted. Anderson and Metcalf (2003) examined ‘the evidence and analyzed a range of academic studies on the business benefits of diversity and different cultural and their conclusions indicate that narrow studies on the business benefits definition, organizational goal and operational contexts make it difficult to draw reliable conclusion from these studies’. The point to the complexity of the evidence of business enefits, contending that there are many types of diversity- social category: age, race, and gender, and argue that more satisfaction products are needed to identify causal links between the management of diversity and the outcomes for the profit of the Chateau Lafite. The external business environment is changing and organizations need to maximize the contribution of market target clients of Chateau Lafite in the product lines to retain competitive advantage. Customer focus In general, customer focus is about age-neutral polices at Aberdeen City Council, it encouraged a pplication from all age groups, dive positive feeling to customers. Chateau Lafite extend the customers base because it provided employment opportunities for more that 100 disabled people for training and improving store access. Business process improvements It is business process improvements. Chateau Lafite changed their approach to retain old clients, they can produce flexible product such as party box, they can have support clients awareness and increased development product-lines opportunity, resulting in an increase in the over 40s who choose to remain. Innovation and learning It is innovation and learning. It is innovation and learning. BP implemented a Mutual Mentoring Programme which paired senior executive with junior executives who are different to them. Murray(2004) explained: the pairings are designed to foster understanding between people of different gender and backgrounds so, she goes on to state that BP reports that ‘it has proved motivating for both junior and senior staff but the sharing is improved communications and decision asking. ’ Those give the many difficulties develop of business case for diversity, it could be the clanked scorecard framework may be the way to move the debate forward. 1. Develop a model and factors of buying behavior between European and Australia One form of factors is the division between market and business marketing. Chateau Lafite can be grouped in many ways based on geographic factors which are countries, regions, cities; Behavioral factors which are purchase occasions, benefits market share. Chateau Lafite using Market segmentation may therefore be defined as the process of dividing of a market into distinct and increasingly homogeneous subgroups of customers in the several zones, where any subgroup can be selected as a target market to be met with a distinct marketing mix. Chateau Lafite can use Market segmentation based on the recognition that every market has potential buyers in china with different needs and different buying behavior. It may be grouped into segment and a different marketing approach will be taken by an organization for each market segment In business market, no one will satisfy all customers of theirs want and needs and taste. Each segment of the market offers a somewhat different opportunity. So, the marketers is need to attend to the needs of different clients of different market segment is in a better position to spot and compare the marketing opportunities. Chateau Lafite‘s market consists of widely different groups of consumers, but each group consists of people or organizations with common needs. 2. Segmentation buyer The total cost has several ways to segment a market. Firm Chateau Lafite has to think different segmentation variables, alone or combine. The major segment ways are geographic the locations, demographic, psychographic, and behavioral variables. Firstly, the locations geographic segmentation means that the market was divided into different geographical units for example, nations, states, cities, neighborhood, and regions. Chateau Lafite may make decision to operate in one or more geographical areas. They also need to operate in all areas and pay attention to culture, needs, wants, demands of the different geographical. In world region, Chateau Lafite has always made excellent winemaking and savoir-vivre an integral part of their legacy. Several generations of exceptional individuals have, over the centuries, worked toward a high principle: discovering soils with strong potential, and then producing the finest product possible. Secondly, psychographic segmentation which divides buyers into different based, such as social class, lifestyle, or personality characteristics. Marketer need to often segment their markets by customer lifestyles. Secondly, psychographic segmentation which divides buyers into different based, such as social class, lifestyle, or personality characteristics. Marketer need to often segment their markets by customer lifestyles. Social class. Company analysis of customers into socio-economic grouping. These grouping appear to provide reliable indicators of different consumer attitudes and needs for wide range of production. Life styles. Differences in personality, activities, interest, and opinions may be condensed. Company will be dividing the lifestyle dimensions into four parts. Lifestyle dimensions activitiesinterestopinionsdemographics workfamilythemselvesage entertainmentrecreationeconomicFamily size Social eventscommunitybusinessoccupation Personality, this includes the usage rate of the product by the buyers, whether purchase the service will be on impulse, customer loyalty, the sensitivity of the consumer to marketing mix factors, price, quality, sales promotion. Skin Food always has much promotion on showroom. Chateau Lafite’s innovative value-added services and marketing strategies have become the favorites of the young and young at heart. Besides, behavioral segmentation meant that it divides buyers into group based on their knowledge, attitudes, uses, or responses. This includes the usage rate of the product by the buyers, whether purchase the service will be on impulse, customer loyalty, the sensitivity of the consumer to marketing mix factors, price, quality, sales promotion. Occasion. Customers can be group when they want to purchased the product, they can get the product near themselves. So, Chateau Lafite’s firm needs to have regular occasion. Benefit. Benefit segmentation need to find the major benefits people look for in the product class, those people look for each benefit, and the major brand that deliver each benefit. So, Chateau Lafite’s product is selling the economic price fee of the makeup. Their product has good quality. In good service after the buyer buy it. They have personal customer service department. Is the customer has problems, there is a website and have customer service to help the consumers. Loyalty. A market also cab be segment by consumer’s loyalty. By studying loyal buyer, we need to know the buyer‘s interest, needs, behavior. So, Chateau Lafite’s product promotes the size are light-weight and to help to attract tourists Advertising strategy for Chateau Lafite Advertising and direct marketing are the two elements of a firm’s promotional mix with which consumers are most familiar. Advertising consists of messages paid for by an identified sponsor and transmitted through a mass-communication medium such as television, radio, or newspapers. Direct marketing is defined by the Direct Marketing Association as distributing promotional materials directly to a consumer or business recipient for the purpose of generating (1) a response in the form of an order, (2) a request for further information, or (3) a visit to a store or other place of business for purchase of a specific product or service. All forms of advertising and direct marketing have three objectives: to create product awareness, to create and maintain the image of a product, and to stimulate consumer demand. Advertising and direct marketing are also the promotional approaches that best reach mass audiences quickly at a relatively low per-person cost. But, to be effective, your messages must be persuasive, stand out from the competition’s, and motivate your target audience—a lofty goal considering that the average china resident is exposed to roughly 250 ads every day. Sales promotion for Chateau Lafite It includes a wide range of events and activities designed to stimulate immediate interest in and encourage the purchase of your product or service, is the fourth element of the promotional mix. The impact of sales promotion activities is often short term; thus, sales promotions are not as effective as advertising or personal selling in building long-term brand preference. Sales promotion consists of two basic categories: consumer promotion and trade promotion. We will use trade promotion Public relation strategy for Chateau Lafite Public relations encompasses all the non-sales communications that businesses have with their many stakeholders—communities, investors, industry analysts, government agencies and officials, and the news media. Chateau Lafite rely on public relations to build a favorable corporate image and foster positive relations with these groups. Two standard public relations tools are the news release and the news conference. A news release is a short memo sent to the media covering topics that are of potential news interest; a video news release is a brief video clip sent to television stations. Companies use news releases to get favorable news coverage about themselves and their products. When a business has significant news to announce, it will often arrange a news conference. Both tools are used when the company’s news is of widespread interest, when products need to be demonstrated, or when company officials want to be available to answer questions from the media. Personal selling strategy for Chateau Lafite Personal selling is the interpersonal aspect of the promotional mix. It involves person-to-person presentation—face-to-face, by phone, or by interactive media such as Web TV’s video conferencing or customized websites—for the purpose of making sales and building customer relationships. Many salespeople follow a carefully planned seven-step process from start to finish: 1. Prospecting. Finding and qualifying potential buyers of the product or service. 2. Preparing. Considering various options for approaching the prospect and preparing for the sales call. 3. Approaching. Contacting the prospect, getting his or her attention, and building interest in the product or service. 4. Presenting. Communicating a message that persuades a prospect to buy. 5. Handling objections. Countering the buyer’s objections to purchasing a product or service with convincing claims. . Closing. Asking the prospect to buy the product. 7. Following up. Checking customer satisfaction following the sale and building goodwill. All the DBR teams: Humbleness in learning: it takes time to make the soil excellent. Fine wines are the fruit of years of toil High quality standards: the meticulous respect of quality by using best practices, and the constant desire to improve these practices. Direc t marketing strategy for Chateau Lafite The most popular direct marketing vehicles are direct mail, targeted e-mail, telemarketing, and the Internet. †¢Direct mail. This form of direct marketing includes catalogs, brochures, videotapes, disks, and other promotional materials delivered through the china Postal Service and private carriers. †¢Target e-mail. Increasingly, companies are sending e-mails to highly targeted lists of prospects. This technique works much the same way as offline direct marketing campaigns. †¢Telemarketing. Telemarketing is a low-cost way to efficiently reach many people. But because it can be intrusive, several states have enacted legislation to restrict telemarketing activities. 2. Porter’s National Diamond model 2. 1 Factor Conditions These factors can be grouped into labor power, cost of labor, commitment, qualification level, knowledge resources, capital resources, and infrastructure. They also include factors like quality of research on universities, deregulation of labor markets, or liquidity of national stock markets. These national factors often provide main advantages, which are subsequently built upon. Each country has its own particular set of factor conditions; hence, in European will develop those industries for which the particular set of factor conditions is optimal. Porter points out that these factors are not necessarily nature-made or inherited. They may develop and change. Political initiatives, technological progress or socio-cultural changes, for instance, Technology replacement, technology change rapidly in recent years, Chateau Lafite must need to be constantly in touch with latest technology to help them provide best service possible. New challenge, European company can enter into market by cooperate with licensed company. Recently, it had developed a new brand, it is an important threat created in the market. 2. 2 Home Demand Conditions The factors are the state of home demand for products and services produced in European. Home demand conditions influence the shaping of particular factor conditions. They have impact on the pace and direction of innovation and product development. According to Porter, home demand is determined by three major characteristics: their mixture (the mix of customers needs and wants), their scope and growth rate, and the mechanisms that transmit domestic preferences to foreign markets. Porter states that a European can achieve national advantages in an industry or market segment, if home demand provides clearer and earlier signals of demand trends to domestic suppliers than to foreign competitors. Foreign customer, the amount of business visitor and tourist are continues increase in European. They need service to take local or international call, if they use service for each contract, it is too expensive. Therefore, Chateau Lafite can provide them a local service package. 2. 3 Related and Supporting Industries These factors competitive is supplying industries and supporting industries. One internationally successful industry may lead to advantages in other related or supporting industries. Competitive supplying industries will reinforce innovation and internationalization in industries at later stages in the value system. Service, Chateau Lafite identify customers introduction flexible service plan and various service to meet customers’ needs Customers also can create their own wine. A typical example is the shoe and leather industry in Italy. Italy is not only successful with shoes and leather, but with related products and services such as leather working machinery, design, etc. 2. 4 Firm Strategy, Structure, and Rivalry The conditions in European that determine how Chateau Lafite are established, are organized and are managed, and that determine the characteristics of domestic competition Here, cultural aspects play an important role. In different nations, factors like management structures, working morale, or interactions between companies are shaped differently. This will provide advantages and disadvantages for particular industries. Chateau Lafite ‘strategy, the marketing strategy restrict to expand customer group above 35 year old, because it will create duplicate target under group, because Chateau Lafite has another brand focus on marketing segment above 33 years regarding business person. Undifferentiated service, Chateau Lafite provide service similar to other competitors in the market in Australia. Therefore, it is difficult to attract more customers change their service. It fails to delivery addition value and satisfaction to the customers. 3. Strategic evaluation between European & Australia Although it is true that marketing effectiveness is a vital component of organizational Chateau Lafite effectiveness, it is not easy to measure, especially as marketing assets are hard to measure and value and accountants are suspicious of them. There are various ways to segment of this total, but not all segmentation has great effective. There are five approaches to quantifying marketing effectiveness and its impact on corporate performance. . 1 Measurable It is based on the size, purchasing power, and profiles of the segments. Those can be measured. Many segmentation variables are very difficult to measure. In demographics segmentation, the size variable, Chateau Lafite firm always force on the 1st September at l’Evangile, 5th at Duhart, 8th at Lafite, sweet whites from the 17th and after a superb month of September, harvesting ended on 1st October. The 2003 harvest will go down in history! The wines from this atypical vintage stand out with their richness, depth and smoothness with very rounded tannins. So this segmentation can helpful to know the great purchasing power here. In behavior segmentation, also show that student have the great purchasing power. 3. 2 Accessible Market segments can be effectively reached and served. In the segmentation find that, women who have children users are tourists and local people. Therefore, the firm will plan more showrooms in the four areas. The market segments can be effectively reached and served. The turn of the century went over smoothly, given the fine vintages that are currently aging in DBR cellars. Among them, 1990, 1995, 1996, and 2000 and some of the others will mature into renowned vintages In the segmentation find that heavy users of the attractive are younger, student, business women/ men. Therefore, the firm will plan more student promotion, customer’s service, and e-mail on the phone to clients for new products, seeing the artiste to using their product. 3. 3 Substantial Market segments are big or profit enough to serve. A segment should be big or profit enough to serve. A segment should be the largest homogenous group worth pursuing with a marketing program. It would not pay, for the product functions can see the other people, especially the women travel to the other places. 3. 4 Actionable Effective program can be designed for attracting and serving the segment. For example, Chateau Lafite makes use of the effective program can be designed for attracting and serving the segment. For example, Chateau Lafite can make use of artiste at china to attract younger users and business women to use The firm also makes many plan. So this can attract the segment as DBR (Lafite) has decided to develop a quality vineyard in China with the CITIC group. Out of the many regions visited, the peninsula of Penglai, province of Shandong, proved to be the most promising area for producing a great wine, in terms of its climatic and geological conditions. This region also possesses an ancient tradition in viticulture. The top quality soils enable planting of just over 25 hectares of vines on the slopes 4. 4P and SWOT analysis between European & Australia 4P stands for promotion, place (distribution), product & packaging, price. 4P and others environment analysis is a management tool which you can use in a wide variety of situations. 4. 1 Promotion We need to consider the success or failure of advertising campaigns. Is the organization using advertising to good effect? Did the product have successfully communicated to the potential customers? At market share and market size, is the organization in a strong or weak position? Has the company achieved a superior customer service? Product, we need to consider the sales by market, area, product group. Profit margin and overall profit contribution, are profits for each product good or bad? Does the company place sufficient emphasis on the quality of its work, both in terns of the goods it sells progress? At age and future life of product, did the company have a good balance between old and new product, and rising, mature? Raw material, we need to consider is there a single supplier or can supplies be obtained from numerous sources? No major new product has been derived from Chateau Lafite for two years. It will become too dependent on acquisition additions to product range. There is also little control over R budget. There are can not be low productivity on all lines at one plant. There are new development firm could threaten ability to compete. 4. 2 Price We need to consider the short-term and long term funds or cash flow. Is the organization in a strong or weak position for future cash flow? Does the company have returns on investment? Rapid changes have occurred in economic. We are living in the place china where continuous have increasing price change. Such as, the human genetic code has been cracked. Company also can sell the high price product. 4. 3Place (Distribution) We need to consider the service standards, what are delivery lead times, and how do they compare? We need to consider are research and development relevant to future marketing plan? Are the costs of research and development spending too much? How good for this research and development? In European, at 2008, there are the economic inflation. The economic environment will affect the general business cycle. Interest rate, inflation, changes in the income and stock market. Many things if they all decline, this will also affect the business cycle. When customers’ income fall, they will postpone purchasing anything that isn’t a necessity. At company, when the economic downturn in one place, our manager try to think many ways to attract more customers to buy things. It may be good service, good service for after buying the product. It also is to turn the price down. We will buy little from the store. 4. 4Communication (business management) Organization structure, is the properly suited to the organization’s needs? Are the communication links adequate? This is the values, customers, trend, taste preferences. Many managers must adapt their practices to changing expectations of the society in which they operate. As societal values, customers, and taste change, managers also must change. Such as, workers began seek more balance in their lives, organization have had to adjust by offering family leave policies, more flexible work hours. In each trend, it may have a potential constraint to managers’ decision and action. 4. 5Opportunities and threats An external environment is required to identify profit-making opportunities which can be exploited by the company’s strengths and also to anticipate environmental threats against which the company must project itself. For opportunities it is necessary to decide such as what opportunities exist in the business environment? What is their inherent profit-making potential? Is it given the internal strengths or weaknesses of the organization? Is it capable of exploiting the worthwhile opportunities? The opportunity may involve product development, market development, market penetration. Opportunities and threats may relate to SWOT items. At Economic, nowadays, general investment level, well market behavior for product, total high customer demands, so, there are many ways to have get profit. We need to consider more international level, world production, the volume of international trade, demand, recessions, import control, exchange rate. . 6Economic conditions Inflation part, in European, at 2008, there are the economic inflation. The economic environment will affect the general business cycle. Interest rate, inflation, changes in the income and stock market. Many things if they all decline, this will also affect the business cycle. When customers’ income fall, they will postpone purchasing anything that isn’t a necessity. At company, when the economic downturn, our manager will try to think many ways to attract more customers to buy things. It may be good service, good service for after buying the product. It also is to turn the price down. We will buy little from the book store and piano company. 4. 7Political condition many local governments will affect what organizations can and cannot do. Some federal legislation has affect implications. Such as, American’s company designed to make job more accessible to people with disabilities. Firm spend a great deal of time and money to meet government regulations. However, the effect of these regulations is not just money. Legislation may also affect a company prospects. We need to consider the ban on certain product. At Company, we also affect by the regulation of the government. For example, the contract, MPF. This also is affect by the regulation. We need to give 5% to each of staff to have MPF. 4. 8 Sociocultural conditions. This is the values, customers, trend, taste preferences. Many managers must adapt their practices to changing expectations of the society in which they operate. As societal values, customers, and taste change, managers also must change. Such as, workers began seek more balance in their lives, organization have had to adjust by offering family leave policies, more flexible work hours. In each trend, it may have a potential constraint to managers’ decision and action. 4. 9 summary of finding This paper studies on the findings the meant of diversity and adds to the managing diversity in to debate to provide the information of adding managing diversity on an organization’s benefits. This paper analysis indicates that in theory, managing diversity represents a positive progression of equality, in practice; globalization’s is consequence for industries, HRM in international’s values and organization behavior. Besides, it reflects that how it can link to change between European and Australia. This paper not only direct toward how an organization can expand its international business opportunity and globalization, but also get the analysis how an company create new environment to richer solute their problem which with the advent of globalization between European and Australia. 5. Conclusion and financial recommendation Based on the findings of this study, the researcher concludes the following: The respondents who took part in this study are already mature in age, responsible and reliable. They are also aware of what’s happening in the Chateau Lafite particularly to the strategies management (4 P and Porter’s National Diamond model) for their personnel and are deeply concerned about the improvement motivation and international marketing improvements practices. Majority of the respondents believes that although compensation technique has something to do in their motivation it is still very important to consider the â€Å"nature of work† variable. Most of the respondents accepted the fact that the levels of their performance in the job are highly related to compensation. This shows that respondents knew the importance of proper compensation to the progress of their organisation. For them long-term return should be the first thing to consider instead of short-term compensation. With respect to the overall perception of the respondents regarding job satisfaction and motivation impact on job performance, most of them responded agree. These results verified that sales professionals are working not only for sustenance but also for the general welfare of the company. The study revealed that their positive perception on business management conforms to their job satisfaction. . Reference: Book: Taylor, S 2005, People resourcing, Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, 3rd edn, Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development Golembiewski, R T 1995, Managing diversity in organizations, University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa. Harvey, Carol P 1995, Understanding diversity: readings, cases, and exercises, HarperCollins College Publishers, New York. Hu bbard, Edward E 2004, the diversity scorecard: evaluating the impact of diversity on organizational performance, Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Burlington, MA. Ian B, Len H & Tim C 2004, Human resource management: a contemporary approach, 4th edn, Financial Times Prentice Hall, Harlow. Armstrong, M. (2003) A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice. Personnel Management. Abrashoff, M. (2001) ‘Retention through redemption’, Harvard Business Review, 79(2),PP. 136-141. Calmorin, L P. & M. Calmorin. (1995) ‘Methods of Research and Thesis Writing’, (Manila: Rex Bookstore), 1st ed. pp. 46. Creswell, J. W. (1994) Research design. Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage. Easterby-Smith, M. (2002), Thorpe, R. and Lowe, A. Management Research: An Introduction, 2nd Ed. London: Sage. Fields, D 2002, Taking the Measure of Work, SAGE Fields, Dail L. (2002) Taking the measure of work: a guide to validated scales for organizational research and diagnosis. Thousand Oaks, Calif. : Sage. Guilford, J. P. & B. Fruchter. (1973) Fundamental Statistics in Psychology and Education. 5th Edition. New York: Mc Graw-Hill. Hackman, J. R. , & Oldham, G. R. (1974) ‘The Job Diagnostic Survey: An instrument for the diagnosis of jobs and the evaluation of job redesign projects’. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 4, pp. 148-162. Hackman, J. R. & Lawler, E. E. (1971) ‘Employee reactions to job characteristics. Journal of Applied Psychology’, 55(3), pp. 259-286. Herzberg, F. (1976) The managerial choice. Homewood. IL: Dow Jones-Irwin. Herzberg, F. , Mausner, B. , & Synderman, B. (1959) The motivation of work in organizations: Behavior structure and processes. New York, NY: Business Public ations. Herzberg, F. , Mausner B. , & Synderman B. 1959 The Motivation to Work. New York: Wiley. HR Focus (2004), ‘How to get ‘buy-in’ from the newest generation of employees’, HR Focus, Vol. 81 No. 11, pp. 5 Huang, J. (2004), ‘The science of good and evil’, The Humanist, Vol. 4 No. 6, pp. 38 International Labour Office 1995, Final Report, International Labour Organization. Johns, G. , Saks, A. (2005) Organizational Behavior, 6th ed. , Pearson, Toronto Locke, E, A (1976) The nature and causes of job satisfaction In M. D. Dnnette (ED). Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology pp. 92-117 Chicago: Rand McNally Lippman, H. (2001) ‘Work/Life value can be measured. Business and Health’, 19(6), pp. 43-47 McShane, S. (2004) Canadian Organizational Behavior. McGraw-Hill Ryerson, Toronto Maslow, A. H. (1943), ‘A theory of human motivation’, Psychological Review, Vol. 50 pp. 370-96 Maslow, A. H. (1954), Motivation and Personality, Harper & Row, New York, NY McKinney, J et. al. , 1998, Public Administration: Balancing Power and Accountability, Greenwood Publishing Group. Meyer, J. , Allen, N. , & Smith, C. (1993). Commitment to organization and occupations: Extension and test of three -component conceptualization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(4), 538-551. H. (1954), Motivation and Personality, Harper & Row, New York, NY Pincus, J. (2004), â€Å"The consequences of unmet needs: the evolving role of motivation in consumer research†, Journal of Consumer Behaviour, Vol. 3 No. 4, pp. 375. Ritson, M. 2004), â€Å"Why are brand positioning made so complex? â€Å", Marketing, pp. 21 Robbins, S. P. , Langton, N. (2003), Organization Behavior: Concepts, Controversies, Applications, 3rd Canadian ed. , Prentice-Hall, Toronto Senter, A. (2004), â€Å"An embarrassment of riches†, Director, Vol. 58 No. 4, pp. 96 Sangmook, K 2005, ‘Gender Differences in the Job Satisfaction of Public Employees: a study of Seoul Metropolitan Government, Korea’, A Journal of Research, pp. 3-5. Senter, A. (2004), â€Å"An embarrassment of riches†, Director, Vol. 58 No. 4, pp. 96 Spector, P 1997, Job Satisfaction: Application, Assessment, Cause, and Consequence, SAGE. Tosi, H et. al. 2000, Managing Organizational Behavior, Blackwell Publishing. Taylor, S 2005, People resourcing, Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, 3rd edn, Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development Journal Affirmative Action Agency 1990, ‘Taking Steps: Employers’ Progress In Affirmative Action’, Australian Government Publishing Service Canberra. Agocs, C C 1996, ‘employment equity, affirmative action and managing diversity: assessing the differences’, international Journal of manpower, Vol. 17 No. 4/5,pp. 30-45. Helen C & Edward W-B 2000, ‘equal opportunities polices: The authority of discrimination’, Patrington, pp. 39.

Mental Health the Medical Perspective: a Case Study

The aim of this assignment is to citically examine the medical model in relation to a client that I am working with, for reasons of confidentiality I have used a pseudo name: The medical perspectives in Mental Health. Background Alan is a 42 yr old white british male, he was diagnosed with schitzophrenia at the age of 21yrs. He is the eldest of two children, his sister resides with her husband and children nearby. Alan resides at home with his parents, who are in their early seventies. Alan has always complied with medication, and agreed to hospitalization when necessary, compulsory admission has not been required. Scitzophrenia is a devastating mental illneess, and probably the most distressing and disabling of the severe mental disorders. The first signs of schizophrenia typically emerge in adolescence or young adult. The effects of the illness are confusing and often shocking to families and friends. † http://www. psychiatry24x7. com. schizophrenia retreived 19/01/06. Alan i s seen by his psychiatrist, every six months, unless he is unwell, when he will be seen more frequently. He is reviewed through the Care program approach at hospital out-patients. His key worker is a community psychiatric nurse, (CPN). The psychiatrist plays a central role in the diagnosis of a mental disorder. Diagnosis is made after a mental health examination. The role of the psychiatrist in the mental state examination serves two purposes: â€Å"A detailed history is taken to identify change and characteristic clusters indicative of a specific psychiatric disorder. Secondly the psychiatrist has to make a comparison of change against a diagnostic criteria to establish presence or not of a specific psychiatric disorder. † (Holland, 2003, p. 938) After illiminating organic cause, by physical examination, the psychiatrist makes a diagnosis by classification of the symptoms. In todays psychiatry there are two systems used to more reliably identify a mental disorder. The International Classification of Disease, 10th revision, (ICD10), and the American Classification Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th revision, (DSMIV). European psychiatry are guided b y the former. The ICD10 catogarises schizophrenia under, F. 20. using the description of Kurt Schieder’s first rank symptoms, (1959). These are ranked as A – D, other symptoms E-I have also been added. (p. 49, ICD10, WHO 1992,). For a diagnosis of Schitzophrenia the person must show at least one of the first rank symptoms A- D and at least two of the symptoms, E- I. Alan experiences; – Thought withdrawal, insertion and broadcasting, he beleives that someone or something is responsible for this. (First Rank symptom A). – Auditory Hallucinations, he hears a running commentary about him. (First Rank symptom C). These are also known as the positive symptoms of schitzophrenia. Alan also experiences more than two of the symptoms E –I, he has thought disorder, anxiety,depression and poor motivation, referred to as negative symptoms. (Kingdom, cited Bailey, 2000) The ICD10, goes on to provide subsections for types of schizophrena, and notes; not everyone agrees with the sub-sections, due to the overlapping symptoms that can be present from one type to another. According to Alan’s medical notes and on asking him, he does not appear to have been diagnosed with a specific type of schizophrenia. Given the clusters of symptoms that e has experienced, at various times, it would be difficult to place Alan into one of the sub- sections. The medical model excepts that the schizoprenic brain has increased ventricles, (spaces in the brain), which leads to an imbalance of chemicals in the brain. Using their main tool pshycopharmoglogy, they prescribe drugs to correct this imbalance. (Leonard,2003). The pathology of the illness considers that the chemical wh ich is imbalanced is dopamine. Drugs used to treat mental disorders are known as; neoroleptics or psychotropics, they target the chemical dopamine by blocking the neuroreceptors. The drugs effect behaviour, psychological cognitive function and/or the sensory experience. They also effect other neurotransmitters in the brain, such as serotonan, a chemical associated with affective disorders, therefore, the same drugs are used to treat different diagnosises. (Barry,2002). Alan has been prescribed various psychotropic drugs to try and control the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. His medical notes demonstrate that drugs have been introduced, decreased and increased on a number of occassions, with little effect of relieving the symptoms substancially over a long period of time. Over the years in psychiatry drugs have evolved, Alan has been prescribed some of the older drugs, Chlorpromazine and Haloperidol, these are referred to as ‘typical’drugs. These drugs cause side-effects such as; pseudoparkinsonism, (uncontrolable shaking of limbs), and Akathisia, (an uncomfortable internal restlessness and anxiety). (Barry 2002). Further medication was prescribed to combat these side- effects. Following this Alan’s psychiatrist changed his medication to the newer ‘atypical’drugs olanzipane and risperidone. Alan did not respond to this medication and after a deteration in his mental health he was admitted to hospital and agreed to try another ‘atypical drug’clozaril thearapy. Given the toxicity of clozaril it is not used as freely as other psychtropic medication. A complication of clozaril is the effect that it has on the white blood cells, if the deficiency becomes to great the drug can kill. (Barry 2002). To reduce the possibility of this the white cells are monitered through regular blood testing. The outcome of the long term effect of these drugs is not yet fully known. (Barry, 2002). Psychiatry does not go without critisim, Szass, (1997), best known as an anti – psychiatrist, challenges the concept of mental health as an illness. For an illness to be an illness it has to be classified as having three commonalities, cause – progression – and outcome. He argues that schizophrenia does not share any commonality, and that the reason a scitzophrenic patient becomes a patient is because those around him refuses to except a behaviour beyond the norm. Laing, (1985), also supports this theory and informs the reader that psychiatry is the only medical model that does not have an exact pathology that is proven by labortory testing. Another school of thought suggests; individuals are treated for the side-effects of medication moreso than the original illness, (Illich, cited in Laing 1985). â€Å"They can end up fighting side effects †¦One drug to combat another†¦. Prehaps it is the medication that ends up disturbing mental behaviour, warping personalities or or conditions in to bigger problems. ( Hewitt, 2001, p. 72) Alan prosponed the decision to take clorazil due to the risk of toxicity. Since commencing treatment, the symptoms have reduced but not deminished, he still takes medication for side-effects, anxiety and depression. He continues to struggle with daily living. His anxiety levels are so intense, that this condition has preceeded the effects of schizophrenia, which has led to further isolation from society, he wou ld like to engage in employment, paid or unpaid, however in his current frame of mind this is not a possibility. Labour force 1995, reported that employment figures in mental health patients are much lower than any other disabled group. Only 21% of people with mental health problems are working or actively seeking work. (Webb&Tossell, 1999). Warnings on some medication advise that machinery must not be used, vechiles must not be driven, due to side-effects of drowsiness, alcohol should not be taken with a lot of psyhcotropic medication. All of these restrictions impact upon Alan’s ability to function in society. Secondry to this, Alan has to cope with the stigma attached to mental health disorders. There is a stereo typical societal perception that individuals with mental health issues are more dangerous than others, regardless of research suggesting the opposite; Philo et al, (1993), published research to demonstrate that there is no evidence to suggest that a person with mental health issues is any more likely to harm than anyone else. Figures over the last 20 yrs demonstrate that there has been no increase in murder caused by someone with mental health problems,whilst the increase amongt the general polulation has more than doubled. Research shows that this discrimination within mental health does not stop with the lay person. White, western people have better experience of the service than other ethnic groups. (Haddad & knapp, 2000). The Sainsbury Cenre for Mental Health, (SCMH), (2002), in it’s aim to influence national policy high lighted the inequalities experinced by Black and African Carribean communities. SCMH’s findings suggest that professional have a fear of some ethnic minority groups, due to individual size or skin colour. It is these stereotypical beliefs, cultural ignorance and racist views, that prejudice assessments and influences treatment, reponses therefore rely on heavy medication and restriction. The consequences of which can be dentrimental, and have resulted in death, for people like David Bennett. In response to high profile cases, the Governement have produced various documentation to address issues of inequality. Delivering Race and Equality, (2003), set out to provide an action plan over 7yrs to improve mental health services for ethnic minority groups. The focus is on raising professional awarness around culture, ethnicity and racism. As the western world progresses towards a multi-cultural society, it is inevitable that more people from ethinic minorities will come in contact with mental health services. Fernando, (1991), considers this to be of a special concern and warns that; â€Å"The white domination of black people promotes, and often imposes a cultural domination so that ways of thinking, family life patterns of mental health and mental health care that are identified as ‘European’in tradition ‘white’by racial origin, are seen as superior to others. †(p. 198) Fernando, goes on to highlight the fact that many forms of human distress medicalised by western society are not medicalised by other societies, and notes that political forces dominates what is an illness and gives ultimate power to the psychiatry to treat. Therefore suggesting that individual diagnosis can depend upon where you reside in the world. Rack, (1982), notes that western psychiatry has an important role in social control, whilst Asian psychiatry is largely concerned with spiritual development. Fenando states; â€Å"†¦medicine too is part of a culture and not a system with a life of its own outside the culture in which it lives. † (P. 197) He advises that a reliable diagnosis is unlikely, unless the individual is interwiewed in their own language, as only a person with the same language knows what to look for. If Racks theory is correct then services have a lot to achieve to gain full equality. According to research it is not only the diagnosis in mental health that globally differs, it is also the recovery rate. Research under taken by WHO, (1938, 1958, 1988, 1998), ## evidenced that only 33% of individuals diagnosed with schizoprenia in western soceity were successfully treated by drugs. A further pilot study by the same organisation, in the recovery of schizophrenia demonstrated that recovery rates in London and Washington, (33%, 34%), were immensly lower than in IBADIAN AND MAGA PERDESH, (86%,87%). The variable out come appeared to be talking methods and a positve out look from the onset. People were advised that they would get better rather than being told there future would depend upon medication. Colman, (2004), suggests; â€Å"Most psychiatic doctors appear to be wedded to the idea that they must treat everyone with medication and that it is only through the use of medication that people recover. The evidence for ths view appears to be based on research carried out using moneys supplied by pharmacutical industry. †(p. 4). Colman’s view does not stand alone, Klass, (1975), advises that drug treatment is encouraged by the profit they make for their producers, who also provide the drugs to treat the side-effects. Large profits from the industry is used to provide research and advertise what they view as successful intervention for mental disorders. (cited Pilgrim&Rogers, 1987). In relation to Alan’s drug therapy and the side-effects of anxiety, I have spok en to his treatment team regarding alternative therapy such as; Anxiety Management. The response was that he had this previously and is unable to sustain self help techniques. My view was that this was a funding issue, psychosocial therapy costs more than drug therapy. (Pilgrim&Rogers, 1987). It appears to come secondary to drug therapy in the view of the medical model. â€Å" Whilst it is generally conceded by most commenters on psychiatry that it is now electic†¦ The bias towards physical treatment is still strong. † (p. 121. Baruch&treacher,1978, Roman,1985, Bushfield 1986, cited Pilgrim&Rogers, 1987). Alan has spoke with me regarding the conscequences of stopping treatment to combat the side-effects. Pilgrim & Rogers, (1987), amongst others acknowledge that individuals may stop complying with medication if the side effects from the drugs become intolerable and they are not listened to. â€Å" treating psychiatrists do not take their complaints about ‘side-effects’, or their concerns about the debilitating effects of the drugs, seriously. Instead, doctors tend to be concerned only with the effectiveness of the drugs in symptom reduction (assessed by them, not the patients themselves)’. p. 125 ) If Alan chose not to comply to medication, experienced a deteriation in his mental health and refused voluntary admission to hospital he could be detained under the Mental Health Act 1983. (MHA). The mental state examination would be under took by a doctor who was not exculded under s12 of the act (MHA1983,cited Jones, 2004). In good practise Alan should be assessed by h is psychiatrist and his own general Practitioner. Thus meeting the requirements of s 12 [2], (MHA1983). Both doctors must examine the patient within five days of each other (s12,[1],MHA1983). As Alan is known to the clinical team, and has a specific diagnosis, admission for traetment (s3 MHA, 1983, cited Jones 2004), would possibly be the proposed section. (Code of Practise, 1999, ch5). Laing, (1985), Szass, (1997), claims that psychiatry is used to police society and not to treat the individual. Psychiatrists have been given the power to lock people up and treat them against their will, they have more power than a judge, and hospital wards provide a prison for the unconvicted individuals who do not meet societal norms. The approved social worker,(ASW), also has a powerful role under the 1983 Act and does make the ultimate decision as to whether treatment in hospital is the most appropriate form of treatment. (s13[2],MHA1983). As a social worker under taking the duty of an ASW, (albiet as a shadow), I have been faced with dilema’s whereby the role and duty of an ASW conflict with my social work values, instead of promoting rights and autonomy I am restricting them. I am managing this by addressing the issues in debriefing following the ssessments, in supervision, and by challenging other professional’s practise when necessary. For example, on one assessment, nursing staff had observed a patient as being withdrawn because he chose not to watch television in the communial lounge. During interview, the patient advised that he was a Johava witness and was oppossed to violence which was all that was on the particular channel viewed in the lounge. On addressing this with staff, it was clear that cultural or religous needs this had not been taken in to consideration. If Alan was formally admitted to hospital his psychiatrist does have the power to treat him against his wish. (part IV, MHA1983). This could include invasive treatment such as ECT, which Alan is oppossed to. I am therefore proposing Alan prepares an advanced directive, which will be incorporated in his careplan. Although, this does not over ride the clinical desicion his treatment team will need to take his views and wishes in to consideraton. MHA —————– Alan is supported by his family they have a good insight in to his illness, his father has recently been diagnosed with Alziemen’s disease. My current concern is that his mother is a carer for two family members. The largest proportion of community care is carried out by unpaid family members, who often miss out on employment and become isloated. (Webb&Tossell, 1999). To ensure that Mrs A, is able to continue in her role, her needs also must be met. I have therefore requested an updated assessment under The Carer’s (recognition and service) Act 1995. Mrs. A’s wellbeing is paramount in preventing deteriation of the home situation which would inevitabley impact upon Alan’s mental health. Mrs. A recognises the signs and symptoms when Alans mental health starts to deteriate, which in turn has historially prevented admission to hospital. Research from All Saints Hospital Birmingham evidenced that 59% of relatives recognise early warning signs one month before relapse and 75% two weeks before relapse. (cited Howe, 1998). Mrs. A feels that she is coping at present with the assistance of her support worker she is able to off load. She accesses carer’s groups which she finds helpful. If the situation becomes to much the family have agreed to access further support for Mr. A. nder The Community Care and National Health Service Act 1990. Alan receives support from the day centre where he is involved with Art therapy and other activities. He attends the Fountain club, (a mind project), where he has access to support through group therapy, and attends respite two days a month. Alan finds these resourses useful in helping him to live with not only schizophrena but also the sid e-effects of his medication. He is offered support and advise that is not from a medical perspective. The family also consider that alternative therapy is as important to them, as to Alan. Mrs. A considers that Alan and the family’s needs have been better met since a holistic approach has been under taken, as social and pshcological factors are adressed, aswell as the pathology of the illness. Howe, ( 1998), acknowleges that this has been a general failure in the medical model. I have not progressed with my original task regarding accomodation because I feel that Alan has enough going on in his life at present, in coming to terms with his father’s illness. Although his CPN, considers that this would be in his best interest, the family do not want it and I am not convinced it is what Alan wants either. Szass, (1997), refers to how the mentally ill pateint is considered to be incompetant where as the medically ill pateint is considered to be competant. If Alan did not have a mental disorder, residing at home would not be an issue for anyone, other than the family. I will continue to project my view wtih the CPN and in supervision. In conclusion to this assignment I would agree that all those who work with in this area have far to go in developing services. My role amongst this will be to challenge oppression, by raising awarness as I have done in practise, and to promote an holistic approach towards assessment. I am of the view that medication does help certian individuals, and their life has improved with medication. However in my view this should be minimal to releive distress and enhanced with other socialogical and pyshcological intervention. Although relapse cannot be illiminated, research and literature referenced throughout this assignment suggests that there is a high colleration between staying well and receiving a combination of services. Drawing from my previous managerial experience I have know doubt that the constraints on budgets will effect resources, which will inevitable effect the services individauls receive. Pilgrim&Rogers, (1987), acknowledge that the limitation of resourses and the cost to them, which is not measurable in comparison to physical treatment has been a factor that has prevented psychological and social models from competeing against the medical model. Undoubtabley this will need to change to allow individuals a successful chance of recovery. Authors referred to who opposs psychiatry and its role do have a fair arguement, in that drug treatment and legislation polices society, however no realistic alternative is provided. In my view the way forward is through raising public and professional awareness and de-stigmatising mental disorder. Word count 3297 References Barry, P. (2003). Mental Health and Mental Illness. (7th ed). Philidelphia.. Lippincott. Colman, R. (2004). Recovery an Alien Concept. (2nd Ed). Fife. P. P press. Delivering Race and Equality, (2003) The Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health, breaking the Circles of Fear, breifing 17. A review of the relationship between mental health services and African Caribbean communities. London. Fernando, S. (1991). Menatal Health Race and Culture. London. Mind publications in association with Macmillon. Hewitt, P. (2001). So You Think Your Mad, 7 Practical Steps to Mental Health. Ppppppppppp Handsell Publishing. Howe, G. (1998). Getting in to the System, Living with Severe Mental Illness. London. Jessica Kingsley publishers Ltd. Jones, R. (2004). Mental Health Act Mannual. (9th Ed). London. Sweet &Maxwell Ltd. Laing, R. D. , (1985). Wisdom, Madness and Folly. Making sense of psychiatry. Basingstoke. Paper Mac. Leonard, B. E. (2003). Fundementals of Psychopharmocology. (3rd ed). Wiley. Pilgrim, D. ,and Rogers, A. (1987). A sociology of Mental Health and Illness. (2nd Ed). Pppppppppppp. Open University Press. Professor, Kingdom, (2000). D. Edited by Bailey D. 2000, At the Core of Mnetal Health. Key issuese for practitioners managers and mental heealth managers, Rack, P. (1982). Race Culture and Mental Disorder. forwarded by G. Morris. London. Routledge. Szass, T. (1997). Insanity. The Idea and it’s Consequenses. Syrcuse. University Press. WHO, (1992). The ICD10, Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidlines. Geneva. World Health Organisation. Webb. R. , & Tossell, D. , (1999). Social Issues for Carers Towards Posive Practice. (2nd ed) London. Arnold. Haddad, P. , & Knapp, M. , (2000). Health Professional’s views of services for schizophrenia – fragmentation and Inequality. Psychiatric Bulletin (24), p 47 – 50. http://www. psychiatry24x7. com. schizophrenia retreived 19/01/06. NICE, (2003). Recommends newer antipsychotic drugs as one of the first line options for schizophenia. Press release. retrieved 19/01/06. Webb site: http://www. nice. org. uk/page. aspx? 0=32928

Two Inverted Idioms

Two Inverted Idioms Two Inverted Idioms Two Inverted Idioms By Maeve Maddox As the residents of my state prepared for a cold front, one of the local television anchors remarked, We are in store for a big chill. His meaning was that extremely cold weather was about to descend upon us, but that is not what he said. The word store in the idiom â€Å"in store for† means, â€Å"a stock of something laid up for future use.† Figuratively speaking, events or conditions (like a cold front) are â€Å"in store for† those who will experience them in the future. The people of the state were not in store for the big chill. The big chill was in store for the people of the state. Here are some examples from the Web that get it right: More Snow in Store for Turkey, Jerusalem This Weekend The New Congress: What’s In Store for Natural Health? That same television anchorman, reporting news about two businessmen, said, They’re in the works of opening up two new restaurants. The businessmen are not â€Å"in the works†; the two new restaurants are â€Å"in the works.† One meaning of works (noun) is â€Å"the working parts of a machine.† For example, one removes the back of a clock to reveal the works inside. â€Å"In the works† is a figurative expression meaning â€Å"being prepared† or â€Å"in development.† The processes or stages of getting something done are being compared to the workings of a machine. Here are some examples from the Web in which the expression is used correctly: A new big solar panel farm in the works in California Beamdog confirms that a new Baldurs Gate game is in the works Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:75 Synonyms for â€Å"Angry†Homogeneous vs. HeterogeneousWhen to Spell Out Numbers

Partir Conjugation in French, Translation, and Examples

Partir Conjugation in French, Translation, and Examples Partir  is one of the most common French verbs and it means to leave, though it can take on other meanings as well. In order to use partir  in conversations, you will need to learn how to conjugate it. Partir is an irregular verb, so it does not follow the common patterns found in French. Therefore, you will have to memorize it in all its forms. With time you will learn it and, luckily, partir is so common that youll find plenty of opportunities to practice it. Partir  is not all alone in its conjugations, however. Most French verbs ending in  -mir,  -tir, or  -vir  are conjugated the same way. That means that once you learn one, each new verb becomes a little easier.   In this article you will find the conjugations of partir in the present, present progressive, compound past, imperfect, simple future, near future indicative, the conditional, the present subjunctive, as well as the imperative and the gerund. The Many Meanings of  Partir Partir  most commonly means to leave in the general sense of leaving a place. It is the opposite of  arriver  (to arrive). For example, Je vais partir ce soir (Im going to leave tonight) and Il nest pas parti hier (He didnt leave yesterday). Partir  has a few other meanings as well. For example, it can be used to mean to shoot or to fire: Le coup est parti tout seul (The gun went off (fired) by itself) and Le bouchon est parti au plafond (The cork shot up to the ceiling). Partir can also mean to start or to get off to: Tout à §a est bien/mal parti (It got off to a good/bad start) and On est parti sur une mauvaise piste (We got off on the wrong track, to a bad start). Partir  is a semi-auxiliary, meaning that in some cases it can act in the same way as à ªtre or  avoir.  Ã‚  In this instance, when  partir  is combined with an infinitive verb it means to leave in order to do something: Peux-tu partir acheter du pain  ? (Could you go and buy some bread?) and Il est parti à ©tudier en Italie  (He left to study in Italy). As a euphemism, partir  means  to die or to pass away: Mon mari est parti (My husband passed away). Partir  With Prepositions Partir  is intransitive, which means that it cannot be followed by a  direct object. However, it may be followed by a preposition and an indefinite object (e.g., the destination or point/purpose of departure), or by a day, time, or other modifiers: Ils partent de Paris demain. -  Theyre leaving (from) Paris tomorrow.Quand vas-tu partir la chasse  ? -  When are you leaving to go hunting?Il est parti pour luniversità ©.  -  He left for college / went to college.On va partir demain. -  Were going to leave tomorrow. Additionally,  partir  can have different meanings depending on the preposition that follows it. partir    infinitive means  to start (doing something, usually suddenly): As in,  Il est parti pleurer (He started crying, burst into tears) or  Je suis parti rire  (I started laughing, burst into laughter).partir dans   noun means to start (doing something which interrupts something else): As in, Il est parti dans une digression sans fin (He went off into an endless tangent) and Ne pars pas dans une grande colà ¨re (Dont get all mad).partir de  has two meanings:to begin on or to start from: As in, Le contrat partira du 3 aoà »t  (The contract will begin on August 3rd.) and Cest le deuxià ¨me en partant de la gauche (Its the second from the left).to come from: As in, Ça part du cÅ“ur (It comes from the heart) and Doà ¹ part ce bruit  ? (Where is this noise coming from?).partir pour   infinitive also means to start (and gives the impression of continuing for a long time): As in, Il est parti pour parler pendant une heure (He started talking and looked like hed keep going for an hour) and Elle est partie pour nous raconter sa vie (She started telling us her life story). Expressions With  Partir There are a few common French expressions that rely on  partir. For many of these, you will need to conjugate the verb, using what you learn in this lesson. Practicing these in simple sentences will make them easier to remember. partir de  - from (time, date, place) partir de maintenant  - from now on partir de ce moment-l  - from then on partir du moment oà ¹Ã‚  - as soon as vos marques  ! Prà ªts  ? Partez  !  - On your marks! Get set! Go!cest parti  - here we go, here goes Present Indicative The present indicative in French can be translated to English as the simple present tense I leave or as the present progressive Im leaving. Je pars Je pars tout seul. I leave by myself. Tu pars Tu pars de Paris. You leave Paris. Il/Elle/On part Elle part acheter du pain. She leaves to go buy bread. Nous partons Nous partons pied. We leave on foot. Vous partez Vous partez avec vos amis. You leave with your friends. Ils/Elles partent Ils partent au Canada. They leave for Canada. Present Progressive Indicative As mentioned above, the present progressive in French can be expressed with the simple present tense, but it can also be formed with the present tense conjugation of the verb à ªtre (to be) en train de the infinitive verb (partir). Je suis en train de partir Je suisen train de partir tout seul. I am leaving by myself. Tu esen train de partir Tu esen train de partir de Paris. You are leaving Paris. Il/Elle/On esten train de partir Elle esten train de partir acheter du pain. She is leaving to go buy bread. Nous sommesen train de partir Nous sommesen train de partir pied. We are leaving on foot. Vous à ªtesen train de partir Vous à ªtesen train de partir avec vos amis. You are leaving with your friends. Ils/Elles sonten train de partir Ils sonten train de partir au Canada. They are leaving for Canada. Compound Past Indicative Verbs like partir  require  Ãƒ ªtre  when used in compound tenses  like the  passà © composà ©. To construct this past tense, you will need the auxiliary verb  Ãƒ ªtre and the past participle  parti. Notice that when you form the passà © composà © with à ªtre, the past participle must agree in gender and number with the subject. Je suis parti/partie Je suis parti tout seul. I left by myself. Tu es parti/partie Tu es parti de Paris. You left Paris. Il/Elle/On est parti/partie Elle est partie acheter du pain. She left to go buy bread. Nous sommes partis/parties Nous sommes partis pied. We left on foot. Vous à ªtes parti/partis/parties Vous à ªtes partis avec vos amis. You left with your friends. Ils/Elles sont partis/parties Ils sont partis au Canada. They left for Canada. Imperfect Indicative The imperfect tense is another past tense, but it is usually used to talk about ongoing events or repeated actions in the past, and is normally translated to English as was leaving or used to leave. Je partais Je partais tout seul. I used to leave by myself. Tu partais Tu partais de Paris. You used toleave Paris. Il/Elle/On partait Elle partaitacheter du pain. She used to leave to go buy bread. Nous partions Nous partions pied. We used toleave on foot. Vous partiez Vous partiez avec vos amis. You were leavingwith your friends. Ils/Elles partaient Ils partaient au Canada. They were leavingfor Canada. Simple Future Indicative Je partirai Je partirai tout seul. I will leave by myself. Tu partiras Tu partirasde Paris. Youwill leave Paris. Il/Elle/On partira Elle partiraacheter du pain. She willleave to go buy bread. Nous partirons Nous partirons pied. Wewill leave on foot. Vous partirez Vous partirez avec vos amis. Youwill leave with your friends. Ils/Elles partiront Ils partiront au Canada. Theywill leave for Canada. Near Future Indicative The near future in French is formed with the present tense conjugation of the verb aller (to go) the infinitive (partir). It can be translated to English as going to verb. Je vais partir Je vaispartir tout seul. I am going to leave by myself. Tu vaspartir Tu vaspartir de Paris. Youare going to leave Paris. Il/Elle/On vapartir Elle vapartir acheter du pain. She is going toleave to go buy bread. Nous allonspartir Nous allonspartir pied. Weare going toleave on foot. Vous allezpartir Vous allezpartir avec vos amis. Youare going to leave with your friends. Ils/Elles vontpartir Ils vontpartir au Canada. Theyare going to leave for Canada. Conditional To talk about hypothetical or possible events, you can use the conditional mood. Je partirais Je partirais tout seul si je n'avais peur. I would leave by myself if I were not scared. Tu partirais Tu partiraisde Paris si tu pouvais. Youwould leave Paris if you could. Il/Elle/On partirait Elle partirait acheter du pain si elle avais d'argent. She wouldleave to go buy bread if she had money. Nous partirions Nous partirions pied si ce n'à ©tait pas loin. Wewould leave on foot if it were not far. Vous partiriez Vous partiriez avec vos amis, mais vos amis ne peuvent pas aller. Youwould leave with your friends, but your friends can't go. Ils/Elles partiraient Ils partiraient au Canada s'ils voulaient. Theywould leave for Canada if they wanted to. Present Subjunctive The subjunctive mood is used in situations when the action of leaving is uncertain. Que je parte Mon pà ¨re suggà ¨re que je parte tout seul. My father suggests that I leave by myself. Que tu partes Le juge exige que tu partes de Paris. The judge demands that you leave Paris. Qu'il/Elle/On parte Le patron conseille qu'elle parte acheter du pain. The boss advises that she leave to go buy bread. Que nous partions Charles souhaite que nous partions pied. Charles wishes that we leave on foot. Que vous partiez Jacques prà ©fà ¨re que vous partiez avec vos amis. Jacques prefers that you leave with your friends. Qu'ils/Elles partent Le prà ©sident souhaite qu'ils partent au Canada. The president wishes that they leave for Canada. Imperative When you want to say something like Leave! you can use the imperative verb mood. In this case, theres no need to include the subject pronoun, so simply say, Pars ! Also, to form the negative commands, just place ne...pas around the positive command. Positive commands Tu pars ! Pars de Paris ! Leave Paris! Nous partons! Partons pied ! Let's leave on foot! Vous partez! Partez avec vos amis ! Leave with your friends! Negative commands Tu ne pars pas ! Ne pars pas de Paris ! Don't leave Paris! Nous ne partons pas! Ne partons pas pied ! Let's not leave on foot! Vous ne partez pas ! Ne partez pas avec vos amis ! Don't leave with your friends! Present Participle/Gerund The  present participle  of  partir  is  partant. This was formed by adding the ending  -ant  to the verb stem. One of the uses of the present participle is to form the gerund (usually preceded by the preposition en), which is often used to talk about simultaneous actions. Present participle/gerund ofPartir partant Je pleure en partant Paris. I cry while leaving Paris.

Opossum Facts (Order Didelphimorphia)

Opossum Facts (Order Didelphimorphia) The opossum (order Didelphimorphia) is the only marsupial found in the Americas. The Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana) is the single species found in the United States, but at least 103 species occur in the Western Hemisphere. The word opossum comes from the Powhatan or Algonquian name for the animal, which roughly translates as white dog. Although the opossum is commonly called a possum, some marsupials in the Eastern Hemisphere are also called possums (suborder Phalangeriformes). Fast Facts: Opossum Scientific Name: Order Didelphimorphia (e.g., Didelphis virginiana)Common Names: Opossum, possumBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: 13-37 inches plus 8-19 inch tailWeight: 11 ounces to 14 poundsLifespan: 1-2 yearsDiet: OmnivoreHabitat: North, Central, and South AmericaPopulation: Abundant and increasing (Virginia opossum)Conservation Status: Least Concern (Virginia opossum) Description Didelphimorphs range from the size of a rodent to that of a domestic cat. The Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), which is also known as the North American opossum, varies in size according to its habitat and sex. Opossums in the northern portion of their range are much larger than those that live further south. Males are much larger than females. On average, the Virginia opossum ranges from 13 to 37 inches in length from nose to the base of the tail, with a tail adding another 8 to 19 inches of length. Males weight between 1.7 and 14 pounds, while females weigh between 11 ounces and 8.2 pounds. Virginia opossums have gray or brown fur and white, pointed faces. They have hairless prehensile tails, hairless ears, and opposable thumbs on their rear paws. As with other marsupials, the female has a bifurcated vagina and a pouch, while the male has a forked penis. Opossums have prehensile tails and opposable thumbs on their rear feet. Frank Lukasseck, Getty Images Habitat and Distribution Opossums live in North, Central, and South America. The only species found in North America is the Virginia opossum, which lives along the West Coast of the United States, and from the Midwest all the way to the East Coast and throughout most of Mexico and Central America. However, climate change has been extending the Virginia opossums range into Canada. Although the opossum prefers a wooded habitat, it is highly adaptable and often lives in urban environments. Diet The opossum is a nocturnal omnivore. It is primarily a scavenger, feeding on carcasses, garbage, pet food, eggs, fruit, grain, and other plants. Opossums also eat insects, other small invertebrates, birds and their eggs, rodents, and frogs. Behavior The opossum is best known for playing possum or playing dead. When a possum is threatened, it initially responds by hissing and baring its teeth, but further stimulation triggers an involuntary response that puts the animal in a near-coma state. The possum falls onto its side with open eyes and mouth and expels a stinky fluid from its anus that basically causes it to smell like rotten meat. Its heart rate and breathing slow, but the animal remains fully conscious. The response repels predators that avoid carcasses. Playing possum isnt under the opossums control, so an opossum knows what is going on around it, but cant simply get up and leave when a threat has passed. The feigned death may last a few minutes or up to six hours. Playing possum is an involuntary response to a perceived threat. Joe McDonald, Getty Images Opossums do not hibernate in winter. Since they dont dig dens or build burrows, the animals seek shelter when temperatures drop. In cold habitats, they commonly overwinter in garages, sheds, or under homes. Reproduction and Offspring The average opossum estrous cycle is 28 days, but the number of litters they bear per year depends on the species. The Virginia opossum breeds between December and October, with most young born February through June. The female has between one and three litters per year. Opossums are solitary animals. The male attracts the female by making a clicking sound. The pair separates after mating. As marsupials, females give birth to numerous young (as many as 50) very early in development. The young climb from their mothers vagina to teats within her pouch. A female only has 13 teats, so at most 13 young may survive. Typically only eight or nine young, called joeys, emerge from the pouch after two and a half months. The joeys climb onto their mothers back and stay with her for four or five months before venturing out on their own. In the wild, an opossum lives one to two years. This short lifespan is typical of marsupials. In captivity, an opossum may live up to four years, but it still ages rapidly. Conservation Status The conservation status of the opossum depends on the species. Some species are threatened or extinct. The only type of opossum found in North America is the Virginia opossum, which the IUCN classifies as least concern. Although hunted, trapped, and accidentally killed, Virginia opossums are abundant and generally increasing in population. Opossums and Humans The major cause of opossum mortality is motor vehicle collision. Opossums are hunted for fur and food. Their fat is high in essential fatty acids and may be used in therapeutic skin salves. Although not aggressive, the opossum is not an ideal pet. First, its illegal to keep an opossum as a pet in many states unless you have a wildlife rehabilitation license or wildlife hobby permit. Even then, the creatures are challenging to keep because they are nocturnal animals that require a varied diet and have inherently short lifespans. Wild opossums are useful to have around because they control tick, rodent, and snake populations. Unlike many mammals, they arent susceptible to rabies. Sources De Barros, M. A.; Panattoni Martins, J. F.; Samoto, V. Y.; Oliveira, V. C.; Gonà §alves, N.; Manà §anares, C. A.; Vidane, A.; Carvalho, A. F.; Ambrà ³sio, C. E.; Miglino, M. A. Marsupial morphology of reproduction: South America opossum male model. Microscopy Research and Technique. 76 (4): 388–97, 2013.  Gardner, A.L. Order Didelphimorphia. In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 6, 2005. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.McManus, John J. Behavior of Captive Opossums, Didelphis marsupialis virginiana, American Midland Naturalist, 84 (1): 144–169, July, 1970. doi:10.2307/2423733Mithun, Marianne. The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge University Press. p. 332, 2001. ISBN 978-0-521-29875-9.Pà ©rez-Hernandez, R., Lew, D. Solari, S. Didelphis virginiana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T40502A22176259. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T40502A2217 6259.en

Discussion questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

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Implementation brief Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

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The Impact of Political Change in Central and Eastern Europe Since Essay

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Creative writing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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