Managers Should Run Businesses According To Shareholder Interests Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1479 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Managers have always been known to lead and direct an organisation, since the firm is owned by the shareholders but run by the management. Managers should run the business with the shareholders interest, thus the main objective of managers should be to maximise owners wealth by maximise amount of dividends paid out to shareholders. Since the amount of dividend can be represented by the current stock markets values of the firm ordinary share capital. As a result, the main interest of management is to take decision to maximise the stock value of company share. Furthermore, managers might interest others area rather than pure financial gain. Management would interest on companys responsibility to the environment and society, in turn to minimise the pollution to the environment. Secondly, managers interest on following the governments legislation, for example, not to produce any harmful product that break the law. Finally, management are also highly concerned on the term and condition of their staffs, and make sure they are fairly paid. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Managers Should Run Businesses According To Shareholder Interests Finance Essay" essay for you Create order However, there is no reason to assume that manager will always follow the interest of shareholder. Since salary of manager usually not based on the share price of firms value, therefore, manager might concentrate more on their own interest such as personal jet and commission paid of sales. In a corporation, the legal entity is separate and distinct from its owner, the shareholders and owners are separate from the management. Therefore, management is given responsibility for running the corporations affairs in shareholders interest. Conflict of interest happens when both parties want to maximise their benefit. The shareholders want to have a higher share price as more dividends can be paid; however, the managers are more interested on revenue because it means more expense can be made that are beneficial to them. By applying the fisher separation theory, it stated that if the manager and shareholder have the same perfect information with the same rational approach to decision making, they should have identical expectations, therefore, no conflict of interest is create. On the other hand, if the management and shareholder have delegated decision making with asymmetric information, it will generate an agent problem. Generally, there are number of ways where the interest of shareholders and managers may conflict, firstly, managers may wish to hold more cash and received perks like having a personal company car that would be the expenses on company, this will affect the firms profit and wealth, since managers have to face a trade-off from perks and firms wealth. In an example of a single owner-manager case, we assume the owner is also the manager, so, firm is owns and run by the owner. Illustrated with the graph below, with an x-axis of perk consume, Y-axis of Value of firm. The slope on the graph is -1; represent the owner has 100% of ownership. As the graph shown, if the perk consumption rises by 1 unit units, the values of firm will drop by 1 unit, so, there is an inverse relationship between perk consumption and firms wealth. For every one pound in perks consumed from owner, there will be a reduction of 1 pound in the values of firm. As a result, there is a trade off between firmss value and perks, the more the manager increase on perks, the more it reduces on the firms values. We can understand more about the conflict between shareholder and manager by studying the principal-agent relationship, where the agent (managers) act on the behalf of principal (shareholder), but the principal cannot monitor the actions of the agent( hidden action) or the principle does not have full set of information known to agent( hidden information). Those hidden action and information from principal create agent cost. In a multiple owners case, the original point at D. If a fraction of firm is sold, the insider (owner-manager)s holding will reduce to ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ±, and the outsider (potential buyer) now owns (1- ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ±). Now, the insiders will share the cost of perks taken with the others shareholders, for example, the cost to the owner-manager of consuming 1 of perk in the firm will no long be 1, instead, it will be (ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ± X 1). According to the graph above, when the new budget constraint with (V1,P1), the insider will achieve a higher level of utility at U1, as a result, original point D will move to point A with perks F0 and wealth reduced to V0. After the sale, the new constraint is (V2, P2), and point B is the trading point accepts by both parties with perks F and wealth V. As the graph shown, the value of firm is reducing from V* to V is giving by a movement from point D to B. The reduction of wealth is the agency cost by introducing the agency relationship with outsider in the absence of monitoring and bonding. Secondly, the insufficient effort by managers, they may not grow the firm at an optimal rate, since the value of firm does not directly influence on managers salary and individual have different preferences, so, managers may pursue a sub-optimal expansion path for the firm at a different level of investment. The best ways to illustrate this concept is to plot a graph with production opportunity set, indifferent curve and financial market line. According to the graph, the optimal production rate is where the MRS = MRT= -(1-r), but the manager might make the investment decision above the production rate at point A or below it at point B according to their own preference. Therefore, managers investing decision might not be the optimal level for the firm. Without a single market rate, shareholder will not able to delegate their investment decision to managers. Thirdly, both managers and shareholders have different attitude toward risk, the shareholders are more risk loving because they may invest in many companies, so that they are holding less risk if one company go into bankruptcy. Whilst managers tend to be more risk averse when they facing an investment decision, since managers financial security relies on what happen to the firm, if the value of firm falls below what it should be, the risk of takeover or change in management is likely to increased. Conflict also arise when these is a takeover bid to the company, therefore managers will lose their job whilst shareholders usually gain from this takeover as they will receive above the normal share price. Therefore, the investment decision make by managers might not favour the shareholders of investing risky project. By applying a diagram of efficient frontier of an asset portfolio, with x-axis (Risk) and y-axis (expected return). It shows each indifference curve represent a different equilibrium position which depends on varying risk attitude, shareholders will make their investment decision on IC1, but mangers often set their indifferent curve on IC2 where closer to the minimum variance portfolio at point D. Consequently, firm couldnt achieve high return by investing on those less risk assets, which reducing the return on firms revenue. The potential conflicts between managers and shareholders could be mitigated by arranging contractual financial remuneration to the managers. But, the shareholders have to be careful to choose an award that link to their performance and own interest. Furthermore, the agency cost induced by conflict between managers and shareholders can be mitigated by contractual arrangement. It is possible for shareholders (outsider) to monitoring the expenditure of non-pecuniary from managers. Owner-manager can enter a contract with the shareholders (outsider) to restrict their spending on non-pecuniary consumption. According to the graph, without monitoring from outsiders, firms value is V and perks is F at point B. By given the contract, the consumption of perk will restrict to F and value of firm rise to V .The optimal monitoring expenditure on the outsiders, M, is the amount between D-C. If the equality market is competitive, the potential buyers will be indifferent between two contracts: Firstly, potential buyers can purchase of a share of (1- ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ±) of the firm total price of (1- ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ±) v, but giving no right to monitor on managers consumption. Secondly, potential buyers can purchase share of (1- ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ±) of firm total price of (1- ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ±) V and D-C is the net cost of monitoring and bonding, which could limit the owner-mangers consumption on perks. The expenditure on bonding is a form of contractual guarantees to have financial accounts audited by an external auditor, which contractual limited managers decision making power because it restrict his ability to take advantage on his own profitable opportunities. If the bonding costs were under the control of the owner-mangers and yielded the opportunity set at BCE, it would limit the perk consumption to F. Finally, the optimum occurs at point C, where bonding cost yielded the same opportunity set as the monitoring cost. The solution to reduce agency conflict I is when the shareholders (outsider) perform monitoring to owner-manager (insider).

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Influence of Science and Religion on The Strange Case of...

The novella, ‘The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ was written by Robert Louis Stevenson in 1886. The author was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1850. His family included engineers, scientists, a professor of philosophy, and a religious minister. The scientific and religious sides of Stevensons family reflected in both his personal life and in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (disapproval between Dr Lanyon and Dr Jekyll). In 1859 Charles Darwin published his famous book called the ‘Origin of Species’ which highly opposed the religious beliefs at the time; the novella itself was also published at such a time when there was extreme controversy between religious and scientific principles. The sense of conflict being created through disapproval†¦show more content†¦The Victorian public referred to Dr Jekyll in the novella to Jack the Ripper from their understanding of duality of Dr Jekyll as rumours aroused in period of the murders of Jack the Ripper that h e may be greatly educated and qualified or may even be of royal birth. The contrast between his identities clearly expresses his duality which highly reflects to Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. Mr Hyde is introduced surprisingly to the reader because of his iniquitous action performed on the little girl and this is very different from the way in which Mr Enfield and Mr Utterson are introduced. Mr Utterson and Enfield are introduced to be sincere gentlemen shown to have prestige in the society as Mr Utterson has a respected job of a lawyer and Mr Enfield is the ‘well known man about town’ whereas Mr Hyde is instantly portrayed as sadistic, merciless and ferocious. Mr Hyde â€Å"trampled over the child’s body and left her screaming on the ground† therefore this ensures that the reader’s response to Hyde is negative because only a malevolent person would do this despite being mature. The fact that he trampled over the little girl without any reason suggests that he may attain pleasure from doing such hideous activities which would give Mr Hyde an image of being sadistic The manner in which Hyde is first presented attracts the reader’s a ttention and provokes momentous assumptions from the reader that Mr Hyde isShow MoreRelatedRobert Louis Stevenson Influences1344 Words   |  6 PagesExternal Influences on Stevenson’s Writings â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† by Robert Louis Stevenson was a familiar title to me and prior to reading it I believed I was well versed about the story. 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Originally written for a Victorian audience, the text follows the conventions of the time - for example, the Georgian style of introducing andRead More Comparing Anxiety and Drug Use in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and The Sign of the Four1568 Words   |  7 PagesUse in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and The Sign of the Four The life experiences and writings of the Victorians are peppered with anxiety.   External influences such as sweeping change or fear of change can produce unease, as seen in the their anxious attitude toward Darwinism and colonialization, which greatly influenced the political, spiritual, and psychological landscape of nineteenth century England.   However, for Sir Arthur Conan Doyles Sherlock Holmes and Robert Louis Stevensons Dr. JekyllRead MoreEssay on Quest for Identity in the Victorian Era1880 Words   |  8 PagesDarwins theories on natural selection and survival of the fittest, Victorians were reevaluating their paths to righteousness.   Without God as a foundation, what were lifes rules?      Peter Bowler argues in Charles Darwin: The Man and His Influence that the old road to salvation had been damaged by one of Darwins greatest triumphs - being the catalyst for the transformation of Victorian thought (150).   Darwin made man question his belief system and, as Richard Altick presents in VictorianRead MoreVictorian Novel9605 Words   |  39 Pages‘rational amusement’(Trollope), texts became cheaper. They were eagerly bought as a casual recreation and for railway reading. That kind of Victorian novel, for the middle-class was a mixture of old values and images seen now through the prism of science: psychology, evolution, sociology. â€Å" Spiritual and temporal worlds are darkened by the shadows of change† and the country was something compared to the heart of revolutions, which referred to the English heydays in terms of urban, social and cultural

Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee - 1887 Words

â€Å"Remember it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird.† ~ Atticus Finch. Atticus, a major character in Harper Lee s classic novel â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† says this after giving the children rifles. Atticus indicates they can shoot at any kind of bird besides the mockingbird, because unlike other birds who will eat peoples plants and ruin their gardens, the mockingbird will just sing. The mockingbird exemplifies one who is weak, or defenseless. To kill a mockingbird is equivalent to one who takes advantage of any who are weak. â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird†, written by Harper Lee, is often considered a direct influence from her own life in 1936.Published July 11th, 1960, Lee was 30 years old. She died February 19, 2016 at 89 years old. The main character is a ten year old girl named Jean Louise Finch; however, everyone calls her Scout. Her father is Atticus Finch, a defense lawyer who commonly protects black citizens rights. All throughout [the novel] she can be found with her four year older brother Jeremy Finch, nicknamed Jem. Across their street lives one Arthur Radley, at a young age he was forced into isolation by his father, and since then had never left his house, even after his fathers death he continued to hide until the point people thought of him as a ghost and was given the name Boo. The first Point the story tries to make is the need to put yourself in other peoples shoes, and how other people feel. The story starts when Jem and Scout are playing in their back yard, they hearShow MoreRelatedKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1049 Words   |  5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird: How a Story could be based on True Events in Everyday LifeDaisy GaskinsCoastal Pines Technical Collegeâ€Æ'Harper Lee was born in Monroeville, Alabama. Her father was a former newspaper editor and proprietor, who had served as a state senator and practiced as a lawyer in Monroeville. 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This honor society is a huge accomplishment and is considered the highest recognition for artistic talent and accomplishment in the United States. Along with these accomplishments, herRead MoreKill A Mockingbird, By Harper Lee1197 Words   |  5 Pagessuch as crops, houses, and land, and money was awfully limited. These conflicts construct Harper Lee’s novel, To Kill a Mocking Bird. In To Kill a Mocking Bird, Lee establishes the concurrence of good and evil, meaning whether people are naturally good or naturally evil. Lee uses symbolism, characterization, and plot to portray the instinctive of good and evil. To Kill a Mocking Bird, a novel by Harper Lee takes place during the 1930s in the Southern United States. The protagonist, Scout Finch,

Learning Theories Theory Of Behaviorism - 1037 Words

Learning Theories Essay Behaviorism focuses on a new behavioral pattern being repeated until it becomes automatic. The theory of behaviorism concentrates on the study of overt behaviors that can be observed and measured (Good Brophy, 1990). It views the mind as a black box in the sense that response to stimulus can be observed quantitatively, totally ignoring the possibility of thought processes occurring in the mind. Some key players in the development of the behaviorist theory were Pavlov, Watson, Thorndike and Skinner. Edward Thorndike did research in animal behavior before becoming interested in human psychology. He set out to apply the methods of exact science to educational problems by emphasizing accurate quantitative†¦show more content†¦Cognitivism and Instructional Design Although cognitive psychology emerged in the late 1950s and began to take over as the dominant theory of learning, it wasn t until the late 1970s that cognitive science began to have its influence on instructional design. Cognitive science began a shift from behavioristic practices which emphasized external behavior, to a concern with the internal mental processes of the mind and how they could be utilized in promoting effective learning. The design models that had been developed in the behaviorist tradition were not simply tossed out, but instead the task analysis and learner analysis parts of the models were embellished. 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Ode to a Nightingale and Ode on Melancholy John Keats Essay Example For Students

Ode to a Nightingale and Ode on Melancholy John Keats Essay John Keats’ essay. The poems written by John Keats are primarily concerned with the conflicted nature of the human existence as they look at the human state often with sadness, beauty and the imagination of one’s mind. The metaphysical world, beauty in nature and classical idealism are all pondered upon in Keats’ poems as these ideas are evidently indicated in the two poems â€Å"Ode on Melancholy† and â€Å"Ode To A Nightingale†. The metaphysical world relating to immortality and mortality constantly appears in Keats’ two poems â€Å"Ode on Melancholy† and â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale†. In the second line of the first stanza Keats’ talks about â€Å"Wolf’s bane† which is a poisonous plant often used to commit suicide. Keats’ advises us not to think about suicide and take poisons such as wolf’s bane when melancholy is around. The first two lines of the third stanza in â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale†, â€Å"Fade far away, dissolve and quite forget what thou among the leaves hast never known† tells the readers that he wants to fade away and disappear with the birds which in this line, are expressed as â€Å"thou among the leaves†. The persona is trying to escape using alcohol to become transient. In the last two lines of stanza one in †Ode to Melancholy†, For shade to shade will come too drowsily, and drown the wakeful anguish of the soul†, Keats is trying to deliver the message that melancholy is undoubtedly part of the human condition. He is also aware of the lengthy process in having to endure suffering and pain sequentially to experience joy and content. Keats’ view on the metaphysical world is also explored in the third stanza of â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale†. The third and fourth line â€Å"Here, where men sit and hear each other groan ; Where palsy shakes a few, sad, last grey hairs† are all images of aging as â€Å"palsy† is a shaking movement of most elderly and â€Å"last grey hairs† is something an aged person would have. These images of aging leads to anguish which leads back to mortality because humans will all age as we are not immortal like the nightingale’s song. The metaphysical world is also depicted in â€Å"Ode on Melancholy† in stanza two in the lines â€Å"And hides the green hill in an April shroud;† In this line, he rain that stops vision is symbolized as â€Å"shroud† , also a death reference as it was placed on someone’s head when they died. This rain hides the view of the green hill in an April shroud. â€Å"April† frequently signifies spring which also symbolizes rebirth. This idea is established in the first stanza as Proserpine is mentioned. Keatsâ€⠄¢ use of his final metaphysical world ideas in â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale† are highlighted in the very last stanza. †To toll me back from thee to my sole self†, the persona realises that he cannot escape the fact that he is a mortal being and he has to go back to reality. Keats’ refers â€Å"deceiving elf† to the bird who he finds misleading for the reason that it made him feel as if he was immortal. When being contrasted, â€Å"Ode on Melancholy† and â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale† are similar in the way that they both present the theme of the metaphysical world. The two poems both have vivid images of death, suicide and lament as well as the views on mortality and immortality in each poem. They are also similar in the way immortality is juxtaposed to Keats’ mortal self. Another key idea that is reflected in the two poems â€Å"Ode on Melancholy† and â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale† is the beauty in nature. .ue43de72cdca5bcb73020a708d30b1991 , .ue43de72cdca5bcb73020a708d30b1991 .postImageUrl , .ue43de72cdca5bcb73020a708d30b1991 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue43de72cdca5bcb73020a708d30b1991 , .ue43de72cdca5bcb73020a708d30b1991:hover , .ue43de72cdca5bcb73020a708d30b1991:visited , .ue43de72cdca5bcb73020a708d30b1991:active { border:0!important; } .ue43de72cdca5bcb73020a708d30b1991 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue43de72cdca5bcb73020a708d30b1991 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue43de72cdca5bcb73020a708d30b1991:active , .ue43de72cdca5bcb73020a708d30b1991:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue43de72cdca5bcb73020a708d30b1991 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue43de72cdca5bcb73020a708d30b1991 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue43de72cdca5bcb73020a708d30b1991 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue43de72cdca5bcb73020a708d30b1991 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue43de72cdca5bcb73020a708d30b1991:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue43de72cdca5bcb73020a708d30b1991 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue43de72cdca5bcb73020a708d30b1991 .ue43de72cdca5bcb73020a708d30b1991-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue43de72cdca5bcb73020a708d30b1991:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Anne Frank lived with her family in a pleasant hou EssayThis beauty in nature is shown in â€Å"Ode on Melancholy† in the second and third lines of stanza two from the simile and personification of â€Å"sudden from the heaven like a weeping cloud, That fosters the droop-headed flowers all†. The â€Å"weeping† cloud symbolizes melancholy. The â€Å"droop-headed flowers† can both have a metaphorical or a literal meaning as the metaphorical meaning of â€Å"droop-headed† could be sadness whereas the literal meaning of â€Å"droop-headed† could just be because of the heavy rain. In â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale†, Keats’ sta tes â€Å"I cannot see what flowers are at my feet, nor what soft incense hangs upon the boughs†. This suggests that he is only imagining the scenery because it is too dark to see anything. â€Å"Fast-fading violets cover’d up in leaves† is a metaphor that implies that human lives are fleeting. The sixth line or stanza two in â€Å"Ode on Melancholy† all refers to the beauty of nature. â€Å"Then glut thy sorrow on a morning rose† is telling us to fully enjoy the beauties of nature and life thus accepting melancholy instead of avoiding it. To â€Å"glut† sorrow means to wholly welcome the emotion of grief and despair. The â€Å"morning rose† is the depiction of the beauty of nature, though a â€Å"morning† rose only lives for a short time and Keats’ is implying that the human experience of joy is fleeting. The beauty of nature in â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale† is represented by the nightingale and its everlasting song along with the joy it brings to the persona. Keats’ suggests the song will always remain the same no matter what as it is permanent and even if he dies the bird will continue to sing. When â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale† and â€Å"Ode on Melancholy† are being compared to one another, one will see a difference in parts of the poem although they are also similar. The two poems by Keats’ both contain the same idea that the human life is transient so just experience life to the fullest whenever one can. Keats’ poem looks at classical idealism in â€Å"Ode on Melancholy†. This is apparent in the first line of the first stanza when Keats’ tells his reader to â€Å"go not to Lethe, neither twist†. This suggests to not look for an easy way out by referring to ‘Lethe’ which in Greek mythology, was a river whose water caused those who drank it to forget the past. Classical idealism is also seen in â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale† when â€Å"Lethe† is mentioned also in the fourth line of stanza one. Keats’ is describing how the persona enjoys the feeling of numbness and desire to have drugs injected through their veins and to consume intoxicated poison. Classical idealism in â€Å"Ode on Melancholy† is obvious when Keats’ states â€Å"ruby grape of Proserpine† since Proserpine was the queen of the underworld and goddess of Spring. She and was kidnapped by Pluto and taken to Hades – his kingdom. Proserpine’s mother, Demeter goddess of fertility and grain, grieved for her loss. Demeter saw Proserpine every 6 months and is what they believe as the reason to the change of seasons during the year. This implies that we must bear the cold suffering of Winter before we can take pleasures of beauty and contentment in Spring. Keats’ poems are primarily concerned with classical idealism in â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale† when Greek mythology is mentioned in stanza two saying â€Å"the blushful Hippocrene†. Hipporcrene was referred to as the fountain of muses in Greek mythology. â€Å"Hippocrene† was used to present the role of imagination. The biblical allusion of â€Å"Ruth† all links back to the classical idealism idea. Ruth, in the bible, was a widow working in the fields and fell in love with Boaz. Homesick Ruth is alluded by Keats’ to show that the song would have been quite a while back if even Ruth had heard the song and to also present a religious aspect. Through the comparison of the two poems â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale† and â€Å"Ode on Melancholy†, one can see how the reflection of classical idealism is a key idea in the poems that Keats’ has composed. These two poems are in comparison to each other as they both refer to the river of â€Å"Lethe† and both contain forms of Greek mythology. .u7a29be08f729545b5487f48ce88843f8 , .u7a29be08f729545b5487f48ce88843f8 .postImageUrl , .u7a29be08f729545b5487f48ce88843f8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7a29be08f729545b5487f48ce88843f8 , .u7a29be08f729545b5487f48ce88843f8:hover , .u7a29be08f729545b5487f48ce88843f8:visited , .u7a29be08f729545b5487f48ce88843f8:active { border:0!important; } .u7a29be08f729545b5487f48ce88843f8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7a29be08f729545b5487f48ce88843f8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7a29be08f729545b5487f48ce88843f8:active , .u7a29be08f729545b5487f48ce88843f8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7a29be08f729545b5487f48ce88843f8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7a29be08f729545b5487f48ce88843f8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7a29be08f729545b5487f48ce88843f8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7a29be08f729545b5487f48ce88843f8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7a29be08f729545b5487f48ce88843f8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7a29be08f729545b5487f48ce88843f8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7a29be08f729545b5487f48ce88843f8 .u7a29be08f729545b5487f48ce88843f8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7a29be08f729545b5487f48ce88843f8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: In one of the biggest losses in American history, EssayAnd so it can be seen in the two poems â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale† and â€Å"Ode on Melancholy† by John Keats are primarily concerned with exploring the conflicted nature of the human existence by the deliverance of his ideas including the metaphysical world, beauty in nature and classical idealism. Even though â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale† looks at nature, transience and mortality and â€Å"Ode on Melancholy† looks at lament and suffering, Keats’ suggests to his audience that pain and joy are joined at hip and in order to fully encounter joy, we must go through pain and sadness also.

Environmental Sustainability free essay sample

Lakehead University, is the first university to become environmentally sustainable, and the first university in North America to be â€Å"green† from top to bottom. While many buildings in Ontario have aimed to be environmentally qualified, Lakehead has made it their goal for the entire campus to be sustainable and built to environmental standards that will make the campus the greenest in the country. The university has strived to make every aspect of the building environmentally safe, from the roof the parking lot, as well as the interior of the building. As a student I have experienced how Lakehead Orillia has been environmentally conscious, and whether or not they have been true to their word of being safe for the environment. Lakehead has made a dramatic name in society being the first all â€Å"green† building and has attracted many people because of the environmental standards they have set. However, being a university this is a difficult promise to keep, especially with the expansion they are expecting. Through my time I have spent at the new campus, I have observed the sustainability of the school, and how conscious they really are at maintaining the school â€Å"green†. Lakehead currently stands as a poster child for environmentally sustainable building, and represents the first in Canada, as well as the first in Canada to meet LEED platinum status. This is a huge accomplishment for Lakehead achieving this goal to be an all green building. However this did not come cheap, a shocking $43 million dollars can be contributed to the environmentally sustainable status of the school. So how conscious is the university? While being built the university ensured that the area was a sustainable site as well as keeping the water efficient, energy efficient, carful material selection and indoor environmental quality. All of these were set standards made prior to the construction of the building, and were followed throughout the assembly. The first aspect of the school that makes it green is the roof top. The roof contains approximately three inches of earth and vegetation to keep the building cool, and help manage run off. Another aspect to the schools environmental sustainability is the geothermal heating and cooling temperature. This feature is key for sustainability because there is no need for a furnace or air conditioning in the building, which saves thousands of dollars that could have been spent on heating and cooling the school. This heating and cooling system basically takes the heat that’s stored in the ground and brings it into the building, and the same with cooling. At the front of the university four sets of ponds are displayed under bridges. These unique ponds are not just for a decorative entrance, they are built as a rain water retention pond. Water is collected into these ponds and stored, the water is then sifted into a concrete tank and is re-used later to flush the toilets in the washrooms. These are some of the main features of Lakehead University and the environmentally sustainable steps they have taken to achieving an all green building. However this is not the end of the â€Å"green† campus. Building directors and architects have planned on making the entire campus environmentally sustainable. The newly built cafeteria and residence both succeed the green standards and LEED platinum status, deen Kim Fedderson states, â€Å"This is a demonstration project in sustainability to the entire nation†. This is a huge honour that Lakehead is receiving and should set an example for every other future building to be built. With all this said, the real question remains will Lakehead be able to maintain this green status. The school is planning to expand dramatically over the next ten years. They are hoping to be building a new residence within the next few years, which could mean double the amount of students for residence. With this said, numbers are going to be increasing drastically within the university, and this means they will need to strictly enforce their sustainability to make sure their goals are still met with remaining green. LEED, which is Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design gives building owners and operators a frame work for implementing green building design, construction as well as maintenance solutions. It is evident that Lakehead took the appropriate measures in achieving an all green building during the construction. Although the campus claims to be LEED certified, they are still waiting on confirmation that it has completely gone through. Lakehead is not officially certified, and should be conscious of this when advertising the green status of the building. However with respect to the professors and the interior of the school remain a different story for sustaining an all green environment. The interior of the school is designed with an open layout. The front foyer and common area are surrounded by big open windows that provide a great deal of sunlight, which helps with reducing the amount of lighting needed to be used. This is one of the obvious key green features that I have noticed while coming into the school daily. However with all this said with the schools achievements, I have noticed otherwise. The school has not taken any other precautions in making it sustainable. The school has a cafeteria as well as a small coffee shop inside the building which provides different types of food, as well as coffee and tea. I have noticed that each food item is packaged in a paper box; every time an item is sold it is placed in this. Coffee and tea is provided in paper cups that are not reusable and are probably wasting several hundreds of trees with the amount of paper and cardboard packaging they are using. Even though these items are recyclable many of these products are thrown out which defeats the purpose of them being recycled. This is something that would be hard to avoid being a university and providing food without having some sort of packaging. However, because Lakehead strives to be environmentally sustainable, students should simply eat in the cafeteria where the food is provided this way all food packaging is avoided. In the future if the school would like to remain green, this is something they should look into for their food supply. The school also lacks green bin and compost from food disposal. This would be very beneficial for the school to have because of all the wasted food and is being thrown in the garbage. If the school is really environmentally sustainable, these are easy steps they can take to achieve a green school. The schools also provides vending machines, which are contrary to an all â€Å"green school†. Vending machines require a great deal of energy and electricity, while also being filled up with snacks that contain absolutely no nutritional value, and all the products contain wrappers that require garbage. From my observations garbage disposals are not placed as frequently around the school as they could be, so wrappers are easily thrown on the ground and littered around the property. Professors at the school have attempted to become environmentally sustainable, however being a university this is a difficult task to succeed at. Professors have hundreds of students, and with many classes professors require two to three relatively long essays per semester as part of their course requirements. This means that many students are printing thousands of sheets of paper on assignments and essays, which does not qualify as staying â€Å"green†. Many professors have converted to putting their assignments on webct to conserve paper and create online discussions as appose to printing sheets. Despite these efforts, there are still countless professors act of what Lakehead is trying to promote. This is the second year of the new Lakehead Orillia campus to open. The campus is expected to grow drastically over the next ten years, with a new residence built and many other new buildings to be built in the near future. With this said, there will be a noticeable growth in the amount of students attending the school. It is extremely hard to sustain an environmentally friendly vicinity with the number of expected students arriving to the university. The school is also built in a town that has low income and little to no environmentally sustainable buildings. This is hard to adjust to considering many students are not coming from previous school that provided an environmentally friendly area. Now, many attending a university that is all â€Å"green†, and in a town that does not exactly support this outlook can be a difficult adjustment. If the school was highly concerned about keeping everything environmentally friendly, they should have considered using an old building downtown, and converting it to become sustainable. This would have saved millions of dollars, as well it would have saved materials that were used during the construction of the new campus. The campus is also located in an area surrounded by fields, and not much else which is because they are expecting growth. However, the school should have considered building it closer to the down town core. This would make it more environmentally conscious for students because they are constantly driving downtown for lunch, or the bookstore for example which creates unnecessary gas pollution that could have been avoided with better planning. Lakehead needs to take a stronger approach to being environmentally conscious if they want to remain an all â€Å"green† school. However with the expected student population this can be next to impossible unless they step up their standards. When I first applied to this university, they strongly advertised how environmentally friendly the school was, and the unique features about the school that separate it from other universities. Upon deciding what school to choose, they sent me a recyclable journal that was 100% re-usable to advertise their commitment to staying all green. However, deciding on Lakehead University I had high expectations that  the school was strict on environmentally friendly items. I have failed to see this, and at times I forget the school is even conscious about being green because of their lack of commitment to obtain the status of keeping green. Lakehead advertises the fact that they are environmentally sustainable every chance they get, this is especially evident when there are tours throughout the school for new coming students and I’m constantly hearing their push for a gree n, clean area. Although the school may be kept very clean, this does not necessarily mean all green. Lakehead Universtiy should take a stronger approach to their goal of a green school, and consider planting gardens around the property. This provides endless environmental benefits, and the school lacks a single garden around the perimete. Climate could be a factor with planting gardens, also the location of the school being set in Orillia and winter taking up most of the school season, however this can still be achieved for the warmer seasons. There is also a lack of vegetation in the interior of the building, the school fails to display any sort of plant inside and this could really help with keeping the air clean. All of these suggestions could assist with making Lakehead more environmentally conscious, and providing an all green school. Not every individual will be satisfied with helping encourage the goal of keeping the school green, however because the school strongly advertises this upon students applying, it should be part of our job to help contribute to this goal. With the help of all faculty members, and students the goal of being an all green school, and help improving some of the imperfections Lakehead holds with keeping an environmentally sustainable school we could see some significant changes. This all sounds wonderful written on paper and could potentially happen if every person came together to take the initiative to help maintain a green school. The goal of making a school all green especially with hundreds of young adults can be extremely difficult. Individuals are here at the school to get there degree and leave, students are not hear to necessarily go out of their way to help protect their campus from being littered or maintaining the green status that Lakehead is trying to do. Although there are simple things that students and faculty members can stress for others to do to demonstrate the green status of the school. Faculty members need to look at certain things that the school is providing, and work around changing some of these things to make a greener environment. Simple steps can be taken to achieve this such as, building more water fountains around the school so students are not buying plastic waterbottles, and are using re-usable ones. Students can bring their own mugs and glasses when purchasing beverages to avoid using paper cups that are not always recycled. The cafeteria should encourage healthy plant based snacks, and snacks that avoid excessive packaging such as chips and candy, instead providing more fruits and vegetables. Professors can also provide recycled paper to students for taking notes, instead of students wasting sheet upon sheets of notes. Or professors can understand the importance of using webct and moodle to most their lecture slides and assignments. Overall, Lakehead has received an honour being the first university in North America to obtain an all green campus. However Lakehead is not as conscious as keeping a green atmosphere as they propose they do. The school needs to re-evaluate the campus area and figure out new ways to eliminate some of the non- environmental acts that have been permitted. The school needs to take a stronger approach to being as green as they say they are. With Lakehead promoting their green atmosphere it is giving students false belief that they are doing everything they can to maintain an environmentally sustainable area, when really there can be many simple changes done to obtain this goal.